Dukem Ethiopian Restaurant is located on the corner of U and 12th street and has a higher-end appearance with wood molding, inset paintings, a large bar, and a large L-shaped eating area. We had a reservation, and when we arrived at 7 on a Sunday the restaurant was very crowded. Dukem, by the way, is a town in central Ethiopia named after the Dukem River containing a large industrial park. The wait staff are all Ethiopian women and friendly. Dukem, in addition to dinner, also has a breakfast menu and has live music Ethiopian music almost every day, starting at 11:30 p.m. We ended up ordering an assortment of dishes, such as the traditional wot, tibs, and fitfit. Ethiopian food is a communal dining experience where hands and injera, the traditional bread, are used in lieu of utensils. In fact, often it is traditional for people to feed each other, which is an act of friendship and bonding (called gursha). Dining etiquette states that diners should tear pieces of injera off and pick up the food with the textured side of the injera, not the smooth side.
Prior to ordering food, we ordered Ethiopian beverages, including beer and wine. Ethiopian beer is popular and there are many different brands. Meta beer is brewed outside of Addis Ababa and is the brewery owned by the Ethiopian government, as well as private companies. The water used in making this beer is, according to Ethiopianrestaurant.com, “from a big reserve of soft spring water (locally known as holy water of St. Abo). The spring water meets the international brew standard to be used without any treatment.” Saint George beer is the oldest brewing company in Ethiopia, started in 1922, but we ended up ordering Harar beer from the Harar Brewery. The Harar Brewery is located in Harar, which is in eastern Ethiopia and considered the fourth holiest Islamic city and sells beer all over the world. Harar Beer tasted similar to a pilsner to us; they also offer a Harar Stout, which is darker. Harar beer products are apparently ubiquitous in Ethiopia, especially Harar Sofi, which is a non-alcoholic beer frequently consumed by the Muslim population in Ethiopia and abroad.
We also ordered two different types of wine: a honey meade wine (known as Tej) and Axumit, a sweet red wine. Dukem describes Axumit as ”the fancy refined brother of Gouder [a traditional Ethiopian red wine with a distinct flavor] , made with intention to export. Made in Ethiopia from the finest grapes the country has to offer.” Wikipedia notes that the name Axumit refers to:
an important trading nation in northeastern Africa, growing from the proto-Aksumite period ca. 4th century BC to achieve prominence by the 1st century AD. Its ancient capital is found in northern Ethiopia. The Kingdom used the name “Ethiopia” as early as the 4th century. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. Aksum was also the first major empire to convert to Christianity.
To us, the wine tasted like a sweet dessert wine, with a slightly different flavor than other dessert wines. Gouder is also described as being dry, as compared to Axumit, which is a sweet wine. We also tried Tej, Ethiopian honey wine (meade). This wine was said to have been created during the reign of Queen of Sheba. Tej is so popular that it is considered Ethiopia’s national beverage. We found it to have a sweet and strange taste unlike other meade, probably because of the usage of native plants.
Perhaps the most distinct feature of Ethiopian food is injera, which is a staple in Ethiopian cuisine. Injera resembles a grey spongy crepe, withone side covered in holes and the other side smooth. Injera is made from teff, a iron-rich grass grown in Northeast Africa. Teff is the smallest of the cereal grains and is only used as a food source in Eritrea, Somalia, and Yemen. In Somalia injera is called laxoox and in Yemen it is known as lahoh. According to Ethiopianrestaurant.com, teff is “believed to have originated in Ethiopia between 4000 and 1000 BC. Teff seeds were discovered in a pyramid thought to date back to 3359 BC.” The process of making injera is straightforward:
Injera preparation usually takes two to three days, the teff is milled into powder then mixed in water along yeast and small quantity of flowers. This mix is set aside at room temperature for 2 days so it ferments and raises. During the second day it starts to give tangy aromas as the fermentation releases air bubbles; this is where the Injera’s slight tangy taste comes from.
After the fermentation process is finished the mix is cooked on hot flat iron pan called ‘Mitad’. A circular motion is used to achieve thin consistency. When the hot pan and the fermented teff mix/batter contact thousands of tiny air bubbles escape, creating thousands of tiny craters/eyes – creating the familiar look of Injera.
The side touching the hot mitad pan gets its flat look, while the one facing away towards the air has the a porous structure with thousands of mini craters. This pour us structure allows the injera to be a good bread to scoop up sauces and dishes. (Ethiopianrestaurant.com)
We ended up ordering a bunch of different items to try and get a taste of all the types of food. Everything was served hot on a bed of injera, along with plates of additional injera, folded in triangles (served at room temperature). We attempted to order a variety of meats, including lamb, chicken, and beef. They do not typically serve pork at Ethiopian restaurants, due to Islamic dietary restrictions. We ordered the three staple types of dishes: wot (wat), tibs, kitfo, and fitfit. A variety of different Wot dishes appeared on the menu, although it was rather hard to figure out the differences between all of them. Wot dishes are all highly seasoned stews using chicken, beef, lamb, or vegetables. The preparation that makes Ethiopian stews different from other countries is that they always begin by cooking chopped onions in a dry pot until all the moisture has escaped, then they begin adding other ingredients. Also, Ethiopian spices are central to their dishes. The most common spice preparation is berbere, which is a red ground mixture composed of chili peppers, ginger, cloves, coriander, allspice, rue berries, and ajwain (also mistakenly known as bishop’s weed). In addition to berbere, Ethiopian dishes also contain niter kibbeh, a clarified butter simmered with spices such as cumin, coriander, turmeric, cardamom, cinnamon, or nutmeg before straining. Our Wot dishes varied quite a bit. Some of them were very spicy, while others were quite mild. All were rich in color with the exception of Doro Wot, which was a yellow chicken stew. This type of Wot came with a hard boiled egg, which is typical of the dish. Along with Wot, we also ordered tibs, which are a type of grilled/sauteed meat typically served as a sign of respect. Kitfo is a traditional dish that features rare or raw meat served atop a stew. The one we ordered came with fresh Ethiopian cheese, which tasted like a thicker and milder cottage cheese, and is typical of the dish. Finally, fitfit (firfir) dishes we ordered differed from the others because they contained torn up pieces of injera. Fitfit is a common breakfast item, but we were served it for dinner.
Ethiopian cuisine proved to be very vegetarian-friendly, with a variety of legumes included on the patters as well as seasoned cabbage, etc. Apparently, Ethiopia developed a large amount of vegetarian dishes due to religious influences. Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia typically abstain from animal products during fasting days and these dishes are standard and common throughout the whole country (Ethiopianrestaurant.com). Dukem served many vegetarian platters.
We didn’t try any coffee, but this is an important part of most Ethiopian meals and coffee is a very important part of the Ethiopian diet. They often prepare the beans by cooking them in a pan (like popcorn) before grinding and brewing them.
Dukem features a dessert menu, but these items are not Ethiopian desserts (tiramisu, cake, etc.). There don’t seem to be any traditional desserts that we could find. One of the few sweet dishes appeared on Dukem’s breakfast menu, which described injera being served with honey. We didn’t try any of the breakfast items, but the Ethiopian breakfast looked interesting. One of the menu items was foul mudames, which is a common food item in Egypt made from fava beans.
TOTAL: $175, including taxes and tip or $25/person (for seven entrees, alcoholic beverages, tea, and dessert)
On February 13-14, the National Museum of the American Indian is having its annual food festival, The Power of Chocolate. The festival features “tasty demonstrations,” hands on activities, and presentations on the history of chocolate. Additionally, they are featuring some films and various exhibits. This is a good opportunity to try Native American cuisine and attend a free screening. Events are from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., with a break for dinner at Mitsitam. Mitsitam is the only restaurant in the area we could find that features Native American food (“Mitsitam” means “Let’s eat!” in the Native language of the Delaware and Piscataway peoples). Their full menu is typically offered from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m., but during the festival, it will be available 5 p.m. to 7 p.m., as well. The winter menu features soups, venison, buffalo burgers, fry bread, etc. organized by region. After the dinner hour, they will show a movie, Burwa dii Ebo/The Wind and the Water:
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